Image Transfer

Image transfer allows you to print an image, then place the image onto any surface. I explored two different was of image transfer, these include Impasto Gel and Acrylic.

The method is the same for both, when transferring an image with Impasto Gel or Acrylic Paint, you are able to see through the image slightly, allowing possible backgrounds to fade through the image creating a vintage effect.

Method:

1) Find an image that you wish to transfer. The image needs to be back to front before being transferred as when the image is revealed at the end, it will be the correct way round.It is best for the image to be on thin paper as it will be easier to remove without damaging the image.

2) Have a prepared area to transfer onto, using the Impasto Gel, you need to cover the image you wish to print and the area that you wish to print onto. This is the same with Acrylic paint, however you only need to paint the area where the image is being printed onto.

3) Place your image onto the selected area, removing creases and air bubbles that form.

4) Either leave to dry, or speed up the process using a heat gun.

5) When the Impasto Gel/ Acrylic has set, you will need a supply of water. Use the water to soak into the paper, then using either a sponge or you finger rub the paper, then layers will start to rip away, leaving the image. Whilst removing the paper you need to be careful not to remove the layer that the ink of the image is on.

6) When you have removed as much paper as possible, it is best to water down PVA Glue and paint a layer over your outcome as this will make small areas of paper that can't be removed invisible.


Healthy and Saftey:
Whilst using the Impasto Gel and Acrylic paint, wear protective clothing if you are worried about staining.

Use heat gun sensibly, and always watch and keep the air moving as the paper will start to burn. Don't touch the end as it will be hot. If burnt, run under cold water.

Expressionism / Abstract Expressionism

Expressionism refers to art where the image is distorted in a way that express's the artists feelings and ideas. As the artists express deep feelings, the work is seen to be quite emotional. The characteristics include colour, which is usually vivid and un-naturalistic, and  texture  which is created by using thick or multiple layers of paint.  Expressionism was formed in the 20th century, however the movement can be found in almost any era.

Artists

Alfonso Ossorio

Jason Pollock

Vincent Van Gogh

Sources: 

1) http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/e/expressionism
2)http://www.artmovements.co.uk/expressionism.htm
3)http://www.artyfactory.com/art_appreciation/art_movements/expressionism.htm
4)http://www.artesmagazine.com/2013/09/parrish-museum-with-expressionist-painting-of-dubuffet-pollock-and-ossorio/

Art Nouveau

Art Nouveau developed in the 1890's, but grew wider by the 1900's.  Art Nouveau is a style in art, design and architecture. The characteristics of this style include; sinuous lines, shapes based on plant forms.

Artists:

Alphonse Mucha

Hector Guimard

Gustav Klimt

Sources:

http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/a/art-nouveau
http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/history-of-art/art-nouveau.htm
http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/guimard_hector.html

http://www.alfonsmucha.org/

http://www.moma.org/collection/artist.php?artist_id=2407

Modernism

Modernism began to grow popular in the 1850's, dominating the Western Culture. The idea of this style to reject past influences.The movement was constantly changing, movements include: Impressionism, Cubism, Bauhaus, Surrealism, Futurism, Pop Art and Op Art. 

Artisits: 

David Hockney

Karl Benjamin

Naomi Kremer

Sources:

http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/m/modernism

http://www.artrepublic.com/art_terms/38-modern-art.html

https://www.modernisminc.com/artists/

Typographic Maps - Lino Printing

Lino Printing
The method that is used to create these prints is relief printing. This is when the surface is removed so that when the board is printed, the highest surface prints rather than the areas that have been cut away. Relief printing is the oldest printing methods, this simplest materials that are used includes potato printing, rubber blocks, polystyrene and wood.


Linoprint Artist - Mark Andrew Webber

Transferring Designs First we designed our typographic maps, we chose a place that has high importance to us. To transfer the design onto the lino block, you need to use tracing paper to draw out the map again as drawing straight onto the lino block will cause the print to be back to front. After tracing the design, it needs to be flipped over so when you have traced the image onto the lino block,it will be reversed so it will print correctly.

Cutting Out & Health and Safety 
When choosing areas to be printed, everything that you don't want to be printed needs to be cut away using the cutting tools. The tools come in different sizes so that you are able to chose the shape and size of the gauges that will be made. 

Whilst cutting the lino, the board will need to be under a bench hook to avoid movement leading to accidents. When cutting into the lino board, cut away from you so if you slip, it will not cut you. If the lino board is too tough to cut, you can use a hair dryer to soften it so it will be easier to cut. When removing the lino, the depth of that gauges should be half way through the board.

Printing
Before printing, you need an apron to protect clothes, and gloves if you are worried about the ink having contact with your skin.There are different ways of printing the lino board, either hand printing or using the Albion Press to get a better quality print. For this, you can use either water based ink or oil based ink. The oil based ink is better, although more expensive, as the quality of the prints are better. Collecting and testing the ink on the inking surface will allow you to see if the consistency is right. If the ink is lumpy, then use Extender to make the ink have a better consistency. Using a roller you apply the ink onto the lino board as even as you can. The layer of ink that you apply should be thin, but not too thin so that you can see the board underneath.

If you choose to hand print the board, you add another piece of paper over the board and use either a dry roller, spoon or your hand to apply pressure onto the paper and board so that the image will print. Instead of this you can use the Albion Press to print the board.

To clean the board, a sponge or cloth is needed as well as soap and water to remove the ink. 

Urban Art / Street Art

Street/Urban Art is also known as Graffiti. It was named after spray can vandalism in cities across the world, but it is mainly associated with New York, it is traced back into the 1970's. It's purpose is self-expression and creativity through stylized text and images. Generally, the art is very bright and colorful as it makes it bolder. During the late 80's free hand street art developed into stencils, stickers and posters.

 It wasn't until the early 1980's until artists were recognized through graffiti. As vandalism is illegal, many artists keep their names hidden and use another name to mark their work.

Bansky

Bansky

Keith Haring

Sources: http://www.artrepublic.com/art_terms/34-graffiti.html

Dada

The movement Dada formed in 1914 in negative reaction to the First World War founded by Hugo Ball. Artists that followed the Dada movement aimed to destroy traditional values in art, and to replace the old art with the new (Dada is known as a major anti-art movement) . Dada has no specific characteristics as the purpose of this movement was to emotionally impact the viewer, usually to shock them.
The leading artists of this movement include Jean Arp, Marcel Duchamp, Francis Picabia and Kurt Schwitters.

Marcel Duchamp - Fountain, 1917

Francis Picabia - Otaiti, 1930

Jean Arp - Torn Up Woodcut, 1954 (prints made in 1920)

Sources:
http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/d/dada

Surrealism

Surrealism is a movement in which artists and writers express the ideas formed in their subconscious imagination. Not only did this movement influence art, it also influenced fashion photography, advertising and film. To create a surreal piece, artists combine a selection of objects (usually two) hat you wouldn't associate with each other to make something playful, or even disturbing.

The movement began in 1924 in Paris, by French poet Andre Breton. Well known surrealist artists include Salvador Dali, Rene Magritte and Man Ray.

Rene Magritte - The Son of Man, 1946

Max Ernst - Celebes, 1921

Rene Magritte - The wonders of nature, 1953

Sources:
http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/glossary/s/surrealism